Peptide name : BMAP-28

Source/Organism : Cattle

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 28

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Not found

Other activity : Anti-microbial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 3131.8496 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 1.392

Instability index : 48.1607

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 0.2321

Isoelectric point : 12

Charge (pH 7) : 6.7561

Aromaticity : 0.071

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (6990, 6990)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 2.11111111

hydrophobic moment : -1.456

Missing amino acid : C,H,T,Q,M,E,F,D,N

Most occurring amino acid : I

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 6

Least occurring amino acid : S

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.2, 0.2, 0.4)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)O

1 : Skerlavaj B, et al. Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271:28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375

2 : Wang G, et al. APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009; 37:D933-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn823

Paper title : Biological characterization of two novel cathelicidin-derived peptides and identification of structural requirements for their antimicrobial and cell lytic activities.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375

Abstract : Cathelicidins are a family of myeloid antimicrobial peptide precursors that have been identified in several mammalian species (Zanetti, M., Gennaro, R., and Romeo, D. (1995) FEBS Lett. 374, 1-5). Two novel bovine congeners have been deduced from cDNA. Their C-terminal sequences of 27 and 28 residues correspond to putative antimicrobial peptides with a cationic N-terminal region predicted to assume an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation followed by a hydrophobic C-terminal tail. Peptides corresponding to these sequences have been chemically synthesized and shown to exert a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi. Both peptides are also cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and neutrophils, although at higher than microbicidal concentrations. The target selectivity has been improved by synthesizing truncated analogues, comprising only the 18 N-terminal residues, which show a great reduction in cytotoxic, but not in antimicrobial activity. The involvement of the C-terminal hydrophobic tail in the cytotoxic activity has been further demonstrated by inducing a major loss of activity in an analogue after replacing highly hydrophobic residues with more hydrophilic ones.

Paper title : APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn823

Abstract : The antimicrobial peptide database (APD, http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php) has been updated and expanded. It now hosts 1228 entries with 65 anticancer, 76 antiviral (53 anti-HIV), 327 antifungal and 944 antibacterial peptides. The second version of our database (APD2) allows users to search peptide families (e.g. bacteriocins, cyclotides, or defensins), peptide sources (e.g. fish, frogs or chicken), post-translationally modified peptides (e.g. amidation, oxidation, lipidation, glycosylation or d-amino acids), and peptide binding targets (e.g. membranes, proteins, DNA/RNA, LPS or sugars). Statistical analyses reveal that the frequently used amino acid residues (>10%) are Ala and Gly in bacterial peptides, Cys and Gly in plant peptides, Ala, Gly and Lys in insect peptides, and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides. Using frequently occurring residues, we demonstrate database-aided peptide design in different ways. Among the three peptides designed, GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37.