Peptide name : Bombinins BLP-7/H-BO

Source/Organism : Oriental fire-bellied toad

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 141

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Amidation

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : In vitro antitumor assay

Assay time : 24h

Activity : IC50 : 1.81 μM

Cell line : Huh7

Cancer type : Human hepatoma

Other activity : Anti-microbial activity; Anti-bacterial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 15453.4935 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.969

Instability index : 38.166

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.319

Isoelectric point : 6.3251

Charge (pH 7) : -1.2005

Aromaticity : 0.049

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (2980, 2980)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 1.01428571

hydrophobic moment : -0.342

Missing amino acid : C,W

Most occurring amino acid : L

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 18

Least occurring amino acid : Y

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 2

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.4, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Miller TI, et al. A genomic survey of sarcomas on sun-exposed skin reveals distinctive candidate drivers and potentially targetable mutations. Hum Pathol. 2020; 102:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.06.003

2 : Ke T, et al. A novel PCR-based method for high throughput prokaryotic expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. BMC Biotechnol. 2012; 12:10. doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-10

3 : Zhou C, et al. Discovery of two bombinin peptides with antimicrobial and anticancer activities from the skin secretion of Oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2018; 91:50-61. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13055

Paper title : A genomic survey of sarcomas on sun-exposed skin reveals distinctive candidate drivers and potentially targetable mutations.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2020.06.003

Abstract : Sarcomas on photodamaged skin vary in prognosis and management, but can display overlapping microscopic and immunophenotypic features. Improved understanding of molecular alterations in these tumors may provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights. We characterized 111 cutaneous sarcomatoid malignancies and their counterparts, including primary cutaneous angiosarcoma (n = 7), atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) (n = 21), pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) (n = 17), extracutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n = 8), cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (LMS) (n = 5), extracutaneous LMS (n = 9), sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma) (S-SCC) (n = 24), and conventional cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 20), by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the StrataNGS panel for copy number variations, mutations, and/or fusions in more than 60 cancer-related genes. TP53 mutations were highly recurrent in most groups. Angiosarcoma displayed previously reported MYC amplifications, as well as CCND1 gains. RB1 mutations were relatively restricted to cutaneous LMS. As previously reported, PIK3CA mutations occurred in AFX, whereas RAS activation was more frequent in PDS. CDKN2A mutations were recurrent in AFX and S-SCC, whereas PDS displayed frequent CDKN2A deletion. S-SCC displayed mutational similarity to conventional SCC. BRCA1/2 mutations were specific to tumors with disease progression. In a subset, we detected potential driver events novel to these tumor types: activating mutations in IDH2 (PDS), MAP2K1 (angiosarcoma, PDS), and JAK1 (S-SCC) and copy gains in FGFR1 (angiosarcoma, S-SCC), KIT (AFX), MET (PDS), and PDGFRA (PDS). Our findings confirm and expand the spectrum of known genomic aberrations, including potential targetable drivers, in cutaneous sarcomatoid malignancies. In addition, certain events are relatively specific to particular tumors within this differential diagnosis and hence might be diagnostically informative.

Paper title : A novel PCR-based method for high throughput prokaryotic expression of antimicrobial peptide genes.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-12-10

Abstract : BACKGROUND: To facilitate the screening of large quantities of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), we describe a cost-effective method for high throughput prokaryotic expression of AMPs. EDDIE, an autoproteolytic mutant of the N-terminal autoprotease, Npro, from classical swine fever virus, was selected as a fusion protein partner. The expression system was used for high-level expression of six antimicrobial peptides with different sizes: Bombinin-like peptide 7, Temporin G, hexapeptide, Combi-1, human Histatin 9, and human Histatin 6. These expressed AMPs were purified and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. RESULTS: Two or four primers were used to synthesize each AMP gene in a single step PCR. Each synthetic gene was then cloned into the pET30a/His-EDDIE-GFP vector via an in vivo recombination strategy. Each AMP was then expressed as an Npro fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The expressed fusion proteins existed as inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm and the expression levels of the six AMPs reached up to 40% of the total cell protein content. On in vitro refolding, the fusion AMPs was released from the C-terminal end of the autoprotease by self-cleavage, leaving AMPs with an authentic N terminus. The released fusion partner was easily purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. All recombinant AMPs displayed expected antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Micrococcus luteus and S. cerevisia. CONCLUSIONS: The method described in this report allows the fast synthesis of genes that are optimized for over-expression in E. coli and for the production of sufficiently large amounts of peptides for functional and structural characterization. The Npro partner system, without the need for chemical or enzymatic removal of the fusion tag, is a low-cost, efficient way of producing AMPs for characterization. The cloning method, combined with bioinformatic analyses from genome and EST sequence data, will also be useful for screening new AMPs. Plasmid pET30a/His-EDDIE-GFP also provides green/white colony selection for high-throughput recombinant AMP cloning.

Paper title : Discovery of two bombinin peptides with antimicrobial and anticancer activities from the skin secretion of Oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13055

Abstract : Amphibian skin secretions are known to contain numerous peptides with a large array of biological activities. Bombinins are a group of amphibian-derived peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activities that have been only identified from the ancient toad species, Bombina. In this study, we described the identification and characterization of a novel bombinin precursor which encoded a bombinin-like peptide (BLP-7) and a novel bombinin H-type peptide (named as Bombinin H-BO) from the skin secretion of Oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. The primary structures of both mature peptides were determined by combinations of molecular cloning of peptide precursor-encoding cDNAs and mass spectrometry techniques. Secondary structure prediction revealed that both peptides had cationic amphipathic α-helical structural features. The synthetic replicate of BLP-7 displayed more potent antimicrobial activity than Bombinin H-BO against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast. Also, in vitro antitumour assay showed that both peptides possessed obvious antiproliferative activity on three human hepatoma cells (Hep G2/SK-HEP-1/Huh7) at the non-toxic doses. These results indicate the peptide family of bombinins could be a potential source of drug candidates for anti-infection and anticancer therapy.