Peptide name : Buforin II

Source/Organism : Derivative of buforin I after treatment with endoproteinase, protease digestion

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 21

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Not found

Other activity : Anti- microbial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 2434.8474 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.881

Instability index : 84.1952

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.638

Isoelectric point : 12

Charge (pH 7) : 5.4843

Aromaticity : 0.047

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (0, 0)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.90909090

hydrophobic moment : 0.7961

Missing amino acid : C,W,M,I,E,D,Y,N

Most occurring amino acid : R

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 5

Least occurring amino acid : T

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.2, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)C(C)C)C(C)C

1 : Kobayashi S, et al. Interactions of the novel antimicrobial peptide buforin 2 with lipid bilayers: proline as a translocation promoting factor. Biochemistry. 2000; 39:8648-54. doi: 10.1021/bi0004549

Paper title : Interactions of the novel antimicrobial peptide buforin 2 with lipid bilayers: proline as a translocation promoting factor.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0004549

Abstract : Buforin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide discovered in the stomach tissue of the Asian toad Bufo bufo gargarizans. The 21-residue peptide with +6 net charge shows antimicrobial activity an order of magnitude higher than that of magainin 2, a membrane-permeabilizing antimicrobial peptide from Xenopus laevis [Park, C. B., Kim, M. S., and Kim, S. C. (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 218, 408-413]. In this study, we investigated the interactions of buforin 2 with phospholipid bilayers in comparison with magainin 2 to obtain insight into the mechanism of action of buforin 2. Equipotent Trp-substituted peptides were used to fluorometrically monitor peptide-lipid interactions. Circular dichroism measurements showed that buforin 2 selectively bound to liposomes composed of acidic phospholipids, assuming a secondary structure similar to that in trifluoroethanol/water, which is an amphipathic helix distorted around Pro(11) with a flexible N-terminal region [Yi, G. S., Park, C. B., Kim, S. C., and Cheong, C. (1996) FEBS Lett. 398, 87-90]. Magainin 2 induced the leakage of a fluorescent dye entrapped within lipid vesicles coupled to lipid flip-flop. These results have been interpreted as the formation of a peptide-lipid supramolecular complex pore [Matsuzaki, K. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1376, 391-400]. Buforin 2 exhibited much weaker membrane permeabilization activity despite its higher antimicrobial activity. In contrast, buforin 2 was more efficiently translocated across lipid bilayers than magainin 2. These results suggested that the ultimate target of buforin 2 is not the membrane but intracellular components. Furthermore, buforin 2 induced no lipid flip-flop, indicating that the mechanism of translocation of buforin 2 is different from that of magainin 2. The role of Pro was investigated by use of a P11A derivative of buforin 2. The derivation caused a change to magainin 2-like secondary structure and membrane behavior. Pro(11) was found to be a very important structural factor for the unique properties of buforin 2.