Peptide name : Catfish PACAP38

Source/Organism : Sharptooth catfish, North Africa

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 38

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Amidation

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : In vitro cell proliferation assay

Assay time : 48h

Activity : IC50 :13.17 μM

Cell line : H460

Cancer type : Lung cancer

Other activity : Anti-microbial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 4667.3228 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.539

Instability index : 43.1026

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -1.144

Isoelectric point : 11.032

Charge (pH 7) : 8.8415

Aromaticity : 0.157

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (5960, 5960)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.52

hydrophobic moment : -0.119

Missing amino acid : C,W,P,E

Most occurring amino acid : R

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 7

Least occurring amino acid : H

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.2, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Lugo JM, et al. Evidence for antimicrobial and anticancer activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Its potential use as novel therapeutic agent in fish and humans. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019; 86:559-570. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.056

Paper title : Evidence for antimicrobial and anticancer activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Its potential use as novel therapeutic agent in fish and humans.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.056

Abstract : Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a regulatory neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily, of which some members have shown antimicrobial activities. Contrasting to mammals, published studies on the action of PACAP in non-mammalian vertebrate immune system remain scarce. Some of our recent studies added this peptide to the growing list of mediators that allow cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems in teleost fish. Regulation of PACAP and expression of its receptor genes has been demonstrated during an immune response mounted against acute bacterial infection in fish, though the direct effect of PACAP against fish pathogenic bacteria has never been addressed. Current work provides evidence of antimicrobial activity of Clarias gariepinus PACAP against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi of interest for human medicine and aquaculture, in which computational prediction studies supported the putative PACAP therapeutic activity. Results also indicated that catfish PACAP not only exhibits inhibitory effects on pathogen growth, but also affects the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line H460 in a dose-dependent manner. The observed cytotoxic activity of catfish PACAP against human tumor cells and pathogenic microorganisms, but not healthy fish and mammalian erythrocytes support a potential physiological role of this neuropeptide in selective microbial and cancer cell killing. All together, our findings extend the mechanisms by which PACAP could contribute to immune responses, and open up new avenues for future therapeutic application of this bioactive neuropeptide.