Peptide name : hepcidin TH1-5

Source/Organism : Mozambique tilapia

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 22

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Colorectal cancer

Other activity : Anti-microbial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 2329.9203 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.486

Instability index : 12.7864

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 1

Isoelectric point : 8.5372

Charge (pH 7) : 2.6799

Aromaticity : 0.090

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (0, 500)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 4.5

hydrophobic moment : 0.436

Missing amino acid : W,H,Q,M,E,S,D,Y,L,N,A

Most occurring amino acid : C

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 8

Least occurring amino acid : K

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.0, 0.2, 0.2)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O)C(C)C

1 : Huang PH, et al. Three different hepcidins from tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus: analysis of their expressions and biological functions. Mol Immunol. 2007; 44:1922-34. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.031

2 : Wang G, et al. APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009; 37:D933-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn823

Paper title : Three different hepcidins from tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus: analysis of their expressions and biological functions.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.031

Abstract : Hepcidins are antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in resisting pathogenic infection. Through hybridization of a phage library, the cDNA sequences of three hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides (named TH1-5, TH2-2, and TH2-3) in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were determined. The complete hepcidin cDNA sequences of TH1-5, TH2-2, and TH2-3 were respectively composed of 478, 533, and 583 bases, and contained a translated region of 88, 86, and 91 amino acids. An evolutionary assay of the three deduced amino acid sequences, which share eight cysteines at identical conserved positions, showed that tilapia TH2-3 is similar to Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) JF2, tilapia TH2-2 is similar to Japanese flounder JF1, and tilapia TH1-5 is similar to seabream (Chrysophrys major) hepcidin. The predicted molecular weights of TH1-5, TH2-2, and TH2-3 are 9.5, 9.4, and 9.8 kDa, respectively. The predicted signal peptide cleavage sites in TH1-5 is between codons 24 and 25, in TH2-2, it is between codons 22 and 23, and in TH2-3, it is between codons 24 and 25. The structural models of tilapia hepcidins, constructed using the crystal structures of bass (Morone chrysopsx M. saxatilis) hepcidin as a respective template, showed that the positional cysteine residues form disulfide bonds with tilapia hepcidin, and the cysteines likely form disulfide bonds with the bass hepcidin cysteine. The tissue-specific, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation-specific, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:poly C) stimulation-specific expressions of tilapia hepcidin mRNA were determined by a comparative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results of the tissues distribution analysis revealed high expression levels of hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver and head kidneys for TH1-5. TH2-3 had high mRNA expression after LPS challenge in comparison to TH2-2 and TH1-5 in fish injected with 10mug/ml LPS. TH1-5 had high mRNA expression after poly I:poly C challenge in comparison to TH2-2 and TH2-3. Immunohistochemical analysis with the polyclonal antiserum of tilapia hepcidin TH1-5 (using a rabbit polyclonal antibody) showed that the peptide was localized in the spleen and head kidneys. Synthesized TH1-5 and TH2-3 peptides showed antimicrobial activity against several bacteria in this study, while the synthesized TH 2-2 peptide did not.

Paper title : APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn823

Abstract : The antimicrobial peptide database (APD, http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php) has been updated and expanded. It now hosts 1228 entries with 65 anticancer, 76 antiviral (53 anti-HIV), 327 antifungal and 944 antibacterial peptides. The second version of our database (APD2) allows users to search peptide families (e.g. bacteriocins, cyclotides, or defensins), peptide sources (e.g. fish, frogs or chicken), post-translationally modified peptides (e.g. amidation, oxidation, lipidation, glycosylation or d-amino acids), and peptide binding targets (e.g. membranes, proteins, DNA/RNA, LPS or sugars). Statistical analyses reveal that the frequently used amino acid residues (>10%) are Ala and Gly in bacterial peptides, Cys and Gly in plant peptides, Ala, Gly and Lys in insect peptides, and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides. Using frequently occurring residues, we demonstrate database-aided peptide design in different ways. Among the three peptides designed, GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37.