Peptide name : Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)

Source/Organism : Mouse

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 155

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Formate dehydrogenase–coupled PDF assay, Thymidine incorporation assay

Assay time : 48h

Activity : IC50 ± SD : > 250μM

Cell line : HEK293

Cancer type : Renal cancer

Other activity : Anti-viral activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 17906.454 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.974

Instability index : 59.1278

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.127

Isoelectric point : 8.7193

Charge (pH 7) : 2.8284

Aromaticity : 0.096

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (15470, 15720)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.89024390

hydrophobic moment : 0.4252

Missing amino acid : None

Most occurring amino acid : L

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 17

Least occurring amino acid : W

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 2

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.3, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C

1 : Kim JH. New horizons in translational bioinformatics: TBC 2013. BMC Med Genomics. 2014; 7 Suppl 1:I1. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-S1-I1

2 : Pearl JE, et al. Inflammation and lymphocyte activation during mycobacterial infection in the interferon-gamma-deficient mouse. Cell Immunol. 2001; 211:43-50. doi: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1819

3 : Gerhard DS, et al. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004; 14:2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504

4 : Carninci P, et al. The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science. 2005; 309:1559-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1112014

5 : Gray PW and Goeddel DV. Cloning and expression of murine immune interferon cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80:5842-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.19.5842

6 : Huang S, et al. Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor. Science. 1993; 259:1742-5. doi: 10.1126/science.8456301

7 : Baldridge MT, et al. Quiescent haematopoietic stem cells are activated by IFN-gamma in response to chronic infection. Nature. 2010; 465:793-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09135

Paper title : New horizons in translational bioinformatics: TBC 2013.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-7-S1-I1

Abstract : Not available

Paper title : Inflammation and lymphocyte activation during mycobacterial infection in the interferon-gamma-deficient mouse.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.2001.1819

Abstract : Interferon-gamma is a pivotal cytokine in the protective response to tuberculosis. In its absence rampant bacterial growth results in tissue destruction and death. While macrophage activation is key, this pleiotropic cytokine has other secondary but significant roles. To investigate these roles, both intravenous and aerosol infection of the IFN-gamma gene disrupted (GKO) mouse was performed. For the first time we describe the very similar growth of bacteria, during the initial phase of infection, between control and GKO mice. During this initial phase, however, very different histopathologic consequences between control and GKO mice were observed. Key observations included an early increased accumulation of granulocytes and a much more rapid and pronounced interstitial pneumonia in the GKO mice. As infection developed, GKO mice mounted an antigen-specific response; however, lymphocyte activation was much more rapid in these mice. Of interest is the fact that this increased rapidity occurred prior to significant differences in bacterial number. Taken together these data support a role for IFN-gamma in limiting both initial cellular recruitment and acquired lymphocytic responses to mycobacterial infection. This role may be key in surviving the kind of chronic stimulatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Paper title : The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504

Abstract : The National Institutes of Health's Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project was designed to generate and sequence a publicly accessible cDNA resource containing a complete open reading frame (ORF) for every human and mouse gene. The project initially used a random strategy to select clones from a large number of cDNA libraries from diverse tissues. Candidate clones were chosen based on 5'-EST sequences, and then fully sequenced to high accuracy and analyzed by algorithms developed for this project. Currently, more than 11,000 human and 10,000 mouse genes are represented in MGC by at least one clone with a full ORF. The random selection approach is now reaching a saturation point, and a transition to protocols targeted at the missing transcripts is now required to complete the mouse and human collections. Comparison of the sequence of the MGC clones to reference genome sequences reveals that most cDNA clones are of very high sequence quality, although it is likely that some cDNAs may carry missense variants as a consequence of experimental artifact, such as PCR, cloning, or reverse transcriptase errors. Recently, a rat cDNA component was added to the project, and ongoing frog (Xenopus) and zebrafish (Danio) cDNA projects were expanded to take advantage of the high-throughput MGC pipeline.

Paper title : The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112014

Abstract : This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5' and 3' boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.

Paper title : Cloning and expression of murine immune interferon cDNA.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.19.5842

Abstract : The murine immune interferon (IFN-gamma) gene was cloned and expressed under control of the simian virus 40 early promoter in the monkey COS-1 cell line. A protein is secreted from these cells having the biological, antigenic, and biochemical characteristics of natural murine IFN-gamma. Cloned murine IFN-gamma cDNAs were obtained by using RNA from both mitogen-induced murine spleens and the transfected COS cells, and both code for identical proteins. The mature murine IFN-gamma encoded is 136 amino acids long, 10 amino acids shorter than human IFN-gamma. The nucleotide homology between the murine and human IFN-gamma genes is 60-65%, whereas the encoded proteins are only 40% homologous. Murine IFN-gamma cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli under trp promoter control.

Paper title : Immune response in mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8456301

Abstract : Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) exerts pleiotropic effects, including antiviral activity, stimulation of macrophages and natural killer cells, and increased expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens. Mice without the IFN-gamma receptor had no overt anomalies, and their immune system appeared to develop normally. However, mutant mice had a defective natural resistance, they had increased susceptibility to infection by Listeria monocytogenes and vaccinia virus despite normal cytotoxic and T helper cell responses. Immunoglobulin isotype analysis revealed that IFN-gamma is necessary for a normal antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2a response. These mutant mice offer the possibility for the further elucidation of IFN-gamma-mediated functions by transgenic cell- or tissue-specific reconstitution of a functional receptor.

Paper title : Quiescent haematopoietic stem cells are activated by IFN-gamma in response to chronic infection.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09135

Abstract : Lymphocytes and neutrophils are rapidly depleted by systemic infection. Progenitor cells of the haematopoietic system, such as common myeloid progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors, increase the production of immune cells to restore and maintain homeostasis during chronic infection, but the contribution of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to this process is largely unknown. Here we show, using an in vivo mouse model of Mycobacterium avium infection, that an increased proportion of long-term repopulating HSCs proliferate during M. avium infection, and that this response requires interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) but not interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) signalling. Thus, the haematopoietic response to chronic bacterial infection involves the activation not only of intermediate blood progenitors but of long-term repopulating HSCs as well. IFN-gamma is sufficient to promote long-term repopulating HSC proliferation in vivo; furthermore, HSCs from IFN-gamma-deficient mice have a lower proliferative rate, indicating that baseline IFN-gamma tone regulates HSC activity. These findings implicate IFN-gamma both as a regulator of HSCs during homeostasis and under conditions of infectious stress. Our studies contribute to a deeper understanding of haematological responses in patients with chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS or tuberculosis.