Peptide name : Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)

Source/Organism : Rhesus macaque

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 165

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Not found

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 19331.976 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.750

Instability index : 30.6613

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.638

Isoelectric point : 9.4354

Charge (pH 7) : 8.5695

Aromaticity : 0.115

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (15930, 16055)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.71875

hydrophobic moment : -0.219

Missing amino acid : None

Most occurring amino acid : K

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 20

Least occurring amino acid : W

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.3, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)O

1 : Stahl-Hennig C, et al. Replication, immunogenicity, and protective properties of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma. Virology. 2003; 305:473-85. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1763

2 : Villinger F, et al. Comparative sequence analysis of cytokine genes from human and nonhuman primates. J Immunol. 1995; 155:3946-54.

Paper title : Replication, immunogenicity, and protective properties of live-attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses expressing interleukin-4 or interferon-gamma.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2002.1763

Abstract : Nef deletion mutants of SIV-expressing interleukin-4 (SIV-IL4) or interferon-gamma (SIV-IFN) were constructed to study the effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on viral load, immunogenicity, and protective properties. Four rhesus monkeys were infected with SIV-IL4 and four were infected with SIV-IFN. During the acute phase of infection, the cell-associated viral load, but not the plasma viral RNA load, was approximately 10-fold lower in SIV-IFN-infected macaques than in SIV-IL4-infected rhesus monkeys. The viral load declined to hardly detectable levels 4 months postinfection in all animals. SIV antibody titers and the affinity of these antibodies were higher in SIV-IL4-infected macaques than in SIV-IFN-infected animals, consistent with a stimulation of T helper cell type 2 immune responses by IL-4. At peak viremia, there was a trend to higher interleukin-12 and perforin mRNA levels of the lymph nodes in the SIV-IFN-infected macaques than in the SIV-IL4-infected monkeys. Deletion of the viral IFN gene, but not the viral IL-4 gene, after the development of antiviral immune responses suggests a repressive effect of IFN, but not IL-4, on virus spread in vivo. A trend to higher set point viral RNA levels in SIV-IL4-infected monkeys in comparison to monkeys infected with the parental nef deletion mutant and similar viral RNA levels during the acute phase of infection suggest that IL-4 expression leads to a slight reduction in the control of virus replication by host immune responses. However, SIV-IL4 and SIV-IFN induced protection against a homologous challenge virus. Subsequent challenge with an SIV-HIV-1 hybrid virus (SHIV) also revealed protection in the absence of neutralizing antibodies.

Paper title : Comparative sequence analysis of cytokine genes from human and nonhuman primates.

Doi : https://doi.org/Not available

Abstract : Two major issues severely limit the studies of human recombinant cytokines/growth factors in nonhuman primates. First, assays and reagents specific for the detection and quantitation of human cytokines do not all function when utilized to detect/quantitate the nonhuman primate cytokines. Second, although most of the human cytokines appear to induce similar, if not identical, biologic function when used with cells from nonhuman primates in vitro or in vivo, they invariably induce Ab responses in vivo, precluding their repeated and/or continued use in vivo. Our laboratory has thus initiated studies to clone, sequence, and prepare recombinant cytokines from nonhuman primates and to define assays and reagents for their detection and quantitation at the nucleic acid and protein level. The data that were derived from such studies show that the nonhuman primate cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 alpha, IL-12 beta, IL-15, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha share 93 to 99% homology at the nucleic acid and protein level with the human equivalents. The most prominent differences between human and nonhuman primate cytokine sequences were noted for IL-1 alpha/beta, IL-2, IL-8, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 beta. The aligned sequences of cytokines for human and several nonhuman primate species are provided herein, and a phylogenetic analysis of the published sequences of select cytokines from other species, along with those of the nonhuman primates, are described. In addition, comparative analysis of the relative bioactivity of our immunoaffinity-purified recombinant rhesus macaque IL-4, IL-15, and IFN-gamma with commercially available human recombinant cytokines is described herein.