Peptide name : Maculatin 1.1

Source/Organism : Fringed Tree Frog, Australia

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 22

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Not found

Other activity : Anti-microbial; Anti-biotic activity;

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 2245.6629 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 1.418

Instability index : 7.3364

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 1.4318

Isoelectric point : 6.9209

Charge (pH 7) : -0.0637

Aromaticity : 0.090

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (0, 0)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 4.5

hydrophobic moment : -0.138

Missing amino acid : C,R,W,Q,T,M,S,D,Y,N

Most occurring amino acid : V

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 5

Least occurring amino acid : K

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.4, 0.1, 0.4)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CN)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]cn1)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)O

1 : Wang G, et al. APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009; 37:D933-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn823

2 : Rozek T, et al. The maculatin peptides from the skin glands of the tree frog Litoria genimaculata: a comparison of the structures and antibacterial activities of maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1. J Pept Sci. 1998; 4:111-5. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199804)4:2<111::aid-psc134>3.0.co;2-8

Paper title : APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn823

Abstract : The antimicrobial peptide database (APD, http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php) has been updated and expanded. It now hosts 1228 entries with 65 anticancer, 76 antiviral (53 anti-HIV), 327 antifungal and 944 antibacterial peptides. The second version of our database (APD2) allows users to search peptide families (e.g. bacteriocins, cyclotides, or defensins), peptide sources (e.g. fish, frogs or chicken), post-translationally modified peptides (e.g. amidation, oxidation, lipidation, glycosylation or d-amino acids), and peptide binding targets (e.g. membranes, proteins, DNA/RNA, LPS or sugars). Statistical analyses reveal that the frequently used amino acid residues (>10%) are Ala and Gly in bacterial peptides, Cys and Gly in plant peptides, Ala, Gly and Lys in insect peptides, and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides. Using frequently occurring residues, we demonstrate database-aided peptide design in different ways. Among the three peptides designed, GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37.

Paper title : The maculatin peptides from the skin glands of the tree frog Litoria genimaculata: a comparison of the structures and antibacterial activities of maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199804)4:2<111::aid-psc134>3.0.co;2-8

Abstract : Six peptides have been isolated and characterized from the dorsal glands of the tree frog Litoria genimaculata. One of these is the known hypotensive peptide caerulein; the others have been named maculatins. The amino acid sequences of the maculatin peptides have been determined using a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and automated Edman sequencing. Four of the maculatin peptides show antibiotic activity, with maculatin 1.1 [GLFGVLAKVAAHVVPAIAEHF(NH2)] showing the most pronounced activity, particularly against gram-positive organisms. Maculatin 1.1 resembles the known caerin 1 antibiotic peptides, except that four of the central amino acid residues (of the caerin 1 system) are missing in maculatin 1.1. A comparison of the antibiotic activity of maculatin 1.1 with those of caerin 1.1 is reported.