Peptide name : Mauriporin

Source/Organism : Fat-tailed scorpion

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 73

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : MTT assay, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Release assay

Assay time : 6h

Activity : IC50 : 27.9 μM - 283.3 μM

Cell line : HepG2

Cancer type : Human liver cancer

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 8416.9558 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 1.028

Instability index : 48.4342

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.256

Isoelectric point : 10.393

Charge (pH 7) : 8.5084

Aromaticity : 0.082

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (6990, 6990)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 1.14705882

hydrophobic moment : 0.0096

Missing amino acid : C,H,Q

Most occurring amino acid : K

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 10

Least occurring amino acid : W

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.4, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC

1 : Zhou XR, et al. From a pro-apoptotic peptide to a lytic peptide: One single residue mutation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016; 1858:1914-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.012

2 : Ruchala M, et al. Individual plasma ghrelin changes in the same patients in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and euthyroid state. Peptides. 2014; 51:31-4. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.018

Paper title : From a pro-apoptotic peptide to a lytic peptide: One single residue mutation.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.012

Abstract : Further discovery and design of new anticancer peptides are important for the development of anticancer therapeutics, and study on the detailed acting mechanism and structure-function relationship of peptides is critical for anticancer peptide design and application. In this study, a novel anticancer peptide ZXR-1 (FKIGGFIKKLWRSKLA) derived from a known anticancer peptide mauriporin was developed, and a mutant ZXR-2 (FKIGGFIKKLWRSLLA) with only one residue difference at the 14th position (Lys→Leu) was also engineered. Replacement of the lysine with leucine made ZXR-2 more potent than ZXR-1 in general. Even with only one residue mutation, the two peptides displayed distinct anticancer modes of action. ZXR-1 could translocate into cells, target on the mitochondria and induce cell apoptosis, while ZXR-2 directly targeted on the cell membranes and caused membrane lysis. The variance in their acting mechanisms might be due to the different amphipathicity and positive charge distribution. In addition, the two Ile-Leu pairs (3-10 and 7-14) in ZXR-2 might also play a role in improving its cytotoxicity. Further study on the structure-function relationship of the two peptides may be beneficial for the design of novel anticancer peptides and peptide based therapeutics.

Paper title : Individual plasma ghrelin changes in the same patients in hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and euthyroid state.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.018

Abstract : Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide of widespread expression. Since it has been shown to influence energy homeostatis, its potential role in thyroid dysfunction may have clinical significance. In this study, plasma ghrelin changes have been analyzed in the same patients in three different thyroid states for the first time. The study group consisted of 16 patients who had been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, were treated with radioiodine, developed hypothyroidism after treatment, and finally became euthyroid on l-thyroxine substitution. In the initial state of hyperthyroidism plasma ghrelin levels correlated negatively with fT3 and fT4. In hypothyroidism ghrelin concentration increased significantly (p<0.05). Although the mean value of plasma ghrelin tended to decrease in the euthyroid state, the individual difference between hypothyroidism and euthyroidism was not significant. Plasma ghrelin in euthyroidism was still significantly higher than in hyperthyroidism (p<0.05), and correlated positively with ghrelin levels in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In our opinion, plasma ghrelin fluctuations may reflect metabolic changes in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Moreover, it cannot be excluded that in thyroid disorders ghrelin acts as a compensatory factor, helping to balance metabolic disturbances.