Peptide name : Okinawa Habu apoxin protein-1(OHAP-1)

Source/Organism : Venom base

Linear/Cyclic : Linear

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 30

C-terminal modification: Linear

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : DNA gel electrophoresis assay,TUNEL assay, MTT assay

Assay time : 48h

Activity : IC50 : 1.9 ± 0.31 µg/ml

Cell line : OHAP-1

Cancer type : Glioma

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 3602.8926 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.586

Instability index : 44.0367

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -1.23

Isoelectric point : 4.4432

Charge (pH 7) : -4.1968

Aromaticity : 0.1

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (1490, 1490)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.57894736

hydrophobic moment : 0.3303

Missing amino acid : W,H,Q,M,S,V

Most occurring amino acid : E

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 6

Least occurring amino acid : P

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.4, 0.2, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Sun LK, et al. Apoptotic effect in the glioma cells induced by specific protein extracted from Okinawa Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom in relation to oxidative stress. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003; 17:169-77. doi: 10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00010-9

Paper title : Apoptotic effect in the glioma cells induced by specific protein extracted from Okinawa Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom in relation to oxidative stress.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2333(03)00010-9

Abstract : Okinawa Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom is well known for its toxic efficacy, from which one kind of specific protein, Okinawa Habu apoxin protein-1 (OHAP-1) has been extracted. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether OHAP-1 could induce apoptosis in some glioma cells, and if so, to elucidate the possible mechanism involved. Three malignant glioma cell lines were tested. The malignant glioma cell lines were rat C6 and human RBR 17T, U251. OHAP-1 inhibited growth of all cell lines. Whether or not the apoptosis had been induced was determined by using DNA gel electrophoresis, DNA flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. After OHAP-1 treatment, DNA fragmentation, an increase in the percentage of subdiploid DNA content, and TUNEL positive cells were found in the C6, RBR17T, and U251 cells. Furthermore, OHAP-1 showed L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) activity. In order to study the mechanism of apoptosis induced by OHAP-1, the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using flow cytometry, and the expression of p53 protein was examined using immunohistochemistry. OHAP-1 was found to generate ROS and increase the expression of p53 protein in glioma cells. The inhibiting effect of OHAP-1 on three tested cells was reversed when an antioxidant of either catalase or reduced glutathione (GSH) was added; its apoptotic effect correspondingly became weaker. In this study, the apoptotic effect of OHAP-1 on some malignant glioma cells was confirmed, and it could be that this effect might be mediated through promoting the generation of intracellular ROS and p53 protein expression in glioma cells. It was suggested that OHAP-1 is promising as a potential candidate for clinical tumor therapy.