dbacp05597
General Description
Peptide name : Polyphemusin III
Source/Organism : Atlantic horseshoe crab
Linear/Cyclic : Not found
Chirality : Not found
Sequence Information
Sequence : RRGCFRVCYRGFCFQRCR
Peptide length: 18
C-terminal modification: Not found
N-terminal modification : Amidation
Non-natural peptide information: None
Activity Information
Assay type : Trypan blue exclusion assay and Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)-release assay
Assay time : 48h
Activity : IC50 : < 10 μM
Cell line : HL-60
Cancer type : Human cervical cancer
Other activity : Anti-microbial activity
Physicochemical Properties
Amino acid composition bar chart :
Molecular mass : 2313.7585 Dalton
Aliphatic index : 0.161
Instability index : 22.4389
Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.555
Isoelectric point : 10.663
Charge (pH 7) : 5.7194
Aromaticity : 0.222
Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (1490, 1740)
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 1.25
hydrophobic moment : 0.0384
Missing amino acid : W,H,T,P,M,I,E,K,S,D,L,N,A
Most occurring amino acid : R
Most occurring amino acid frequency : 6
Least occurring amino acid : V
Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1
Structural Information
3D structure :
Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0, 0.1, 0.2)
SMILES Notation: CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O
Secondary Structure :
| Method | Prediction |
|---|---|
| GOR | TTTTEEETTTTTTHHTTT |
| Chou-Fasman (CF) | CEEEEEEEEEEEEECCCC |
| Neural Network (NN) | CCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCC |
| Joint/Consensus | CCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCC |
Molecular Descriptors and ADMET Properties
Molecular Descriptors: Click here to download
ADMET Properties: Click here to download
Cross Referencing databases
CancerPPD : Not available
ApIAPDB : Not available
CancerPPD2 ID : Not available
Reference
1 : Marggraf MB, et al. Cytotoxic Potential of the Novel Horseshoe Crab Peptide Polyphemusin III. Mar Drugs. 2018; 16:(unknown pages). doi: 10.3390/md16120466
Literature
Paper title : Cytotoxic Potential of the Novel Horseshoe Crab Peptide Polyphemusin III.
Doi : https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120466
Abstract : Biological activity of the new antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin III from the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus was examined against bacterial strains and human cancer, transformed, and normal cell cultures. Polyphemusin III has the amino acid sequence RRGCFRVCYRGFCFQRCR and is homologous to other β-hairpin peptides from the horseshoe crab. Antimicrobial activity of the peptide was evaluated and MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values were determined. IC<sub>50</sub> (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values measured toward human cells revealed that polyphemusin III showed a potent cytotoxic activity at concentrations of <10 μM. Polyphemusin III caused fast permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of human leukemia cells HL-60, which was measured with trypan blue exclusion assay and lactate dehydrogenase-release assay. Flow cytometry experiments for annexin V-FITC/ propidium iodide double staining revealed that the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, did not abrogate disruption of the plasma membrane by polyphemusin III. Our data suggest that polyphemusin III disrupts the plasma membrane integrity and induces cell death that is apparently not related to apoptosis. In comparison to known polyphemusins and tachyplesins, polyphemusin III demonstrates a similar or lower antimicrobial effect, but significantly higher cytotoxicity against human cancer and transformed cells in vitro.