Peptide name : R8

Source/Organism : Not found

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 11

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : SPR assay

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : B16

Cancer type : Mouse Melanoma

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 1554.8793 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.445

Instability index : 391.109

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -2.536

Isoelectric point : 12

Charge (pH 7) : 7.7501

Aromaticity : 0

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (0, 0)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.375

hydrophobic moment : -0.243

Missing amino acid : W,T,P,I,M,E,K,F,D,N,G,H,Q,S,Y,V

Most occurring amino acid : R

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 8

Least occurring amino acid : C

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.1, 0, 0.0)

SMILES Notation: CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O

1 : He B, et al. Increased cellular uptake of peptide-modified PEGylated gold nanoparticles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017; 494:339-345. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.026

Paper title : Increased cellular uptake of peptide-modified PEGylated gold nanoparticles.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.026

Abstract : Gold nanoparticles are promising drug delivery vehicles for nucleic acids, small molecules, and proteins, allowing various modifications on the particle surface. However, the instability and low bioavailability of gold nanoparticles compromise their clinical application. Here, we functionalized gold nanoparticles with CPP fragments (CALNNPFVYLI, CALRRRRRRRR) through sulfhydryl PEG to increase their stability and bioavailability. The resulting gold nanoparticles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the stability in biological solutions was evaluated. Comparing to PEGylated gold nanoparticles, CPP (CALNNPFVYLI, CALRRRRRRRR)-modified gold nanoparticles showed 46 folds increase in cellular uptake in A549 and B16 cell lines, as evidenced by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The interactions between gold nanoparticles and liposomes indicated CPP-modified gold nanoparticles bind to cell membrane more effectively than PEGylated gold nanoparticles. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to measure interactions between nanoparticles and the membrane. TEM and uptake inhibitor experiments indicated that the cellular entry of gold nanoparticles was mediated by clathrin and macropinocytosis. Other energy independent endocytosis pathways were also identified. Our work revealed a new strategy to modify gold nanoparticles with CPP and illustrated the cellular uptake pathway of CPP-modified gold nanoparticles.