Peptide name : Solute carrier family 15 member 2

Source/Organism : Mouse

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 729

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Not found

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Not found

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 81631.2472 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 1.028

Instability index : 35.2032

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 0.2362

Isoelectric point : 6.9811

Charge (pH 7) : -0.0849

Aromaticity : 0.115

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (103710, 104460)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 1.31847133

hydrophobic moment : -0.014

Missing amino acid : None

Most occurring amino acid : L

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 89

Least occurring amino acid : n

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.3, 0.2, 0.4)

SMILES Notation: 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1 : Rubio-Aliaga I, et al. Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the mouse peptide transporter PEPT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 276:734-41. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3546

2 : Hu Y, et al. SLC15A2 and SLC15A4 Mediate the Transport of Bacterially Derived Di/Tripeptides To Enhance the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Dependent Immune Response in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. J Immunol. 2018; 201:652-662. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800210

3 : Huttlin EL, et al. A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression. Cell. 2010; 143:1174-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001

Paper title : Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the mouse peptide transporter PEPT2.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.3546

Abstract : Here we describe the cDNA structure, genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and promoter analysis of the mouse peptide transporter PEPT2. The PEPT2-cDNA is 3987 bp long and encodes a protein of 729 amino acids. The functional properties, analyzed by expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, showed a typical PEPT2-phenotype with electrogenic, proton-coupled transport, high substrate affinity, and a broad specificity. Immunoblotting of renal brush-border membranes revealed an apparent molecular mass of PEPT2 of 100 kDa. The murine Pept2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvevTACfBr genomic library. It is 34 kb long and comprises 22 exons and 21 introns. By radiation mapping analysis the Pept2 gene was mapped on central mouse chromosome 16. Two putative transcription start sites lying 35 and 235 bp upstream from the translation start were identified. The Pept2 gene possesses a TATA-less promoter. Functional promoter analysis revealed the core promoter to be located between 432 and 286 bp upstream from the translation start.

Paper title : SLC15A2 and SLC15A4 Mediate the Transport of Bacterially Derived Di/Tripeptides To Enhance the Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Dependent Immune Response in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1800210

Abstract : There is increasing evidence that proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) can transport bacterially derived chemotactic peptides and therefore reside at the critical interface of innate immune responses and regulation. However, there is substantial contention regarding how these bacterial peptides access the cytosol to exert their effects and which POTs are involved in facilitating this process. Thus, the current study proposed to determine the (sub)cellular expression and functional activity of POTs in macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow and to evaluate the effect of specific POT deletion on the production of inflammatory cytokines in wild-type, Pept2 knockout and Pht1 knockout mice. We found that PEPT2 and PHT1 were highly expressed and functionally active in mouse macrophages, but PEPT1 was absent. The fluorescent imaging of muramyl dipeptide-rhodamine clearly demonstrated that PEPT2 was expressed on the plasma membrane of macrophages, whereas PHT1 was expressed on endosomal membranes. Moreover, both transporters could significantly influence the effect of bacterially derived peptide ligands on cytokine stimulation, as shown by the reduced responses in Pept2 knockout and Pht1 knockout mice as compared with wild-type animals. Taken as a whole, our results point to PEPT2 (at plasma membranes) and PHT1 (at endosomal membranes) working in concert to optimize the uptake of bacterial ligands into the cytosol of macrophages, thereby enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This new paradigm offers significant insight into potential drug development strategies along with transporter-targeted therapies for endocrine, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.

Paper title : A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001

Abstract : Although most tissues in an organism are genetically identical, the biochemistry of each is optimized to fulfill its unique physiological roles, with important consequences for human health and disease. Each tissue's unique physiology requires tightly regulated gene and protein expression coordinated by specialized, phosphorylation-dependent intracellular signaling. To better understand the role of phosphorylation in maintenance of physiological differences among tissues, we performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterizations of nine mouse tissues. We identified 12,039 proteins, including 6296 phosphoproteins harboring nearly 36,000 phosphorylation sites. Comparing protein abundances and phosphorylation levels revealed specialized, interconnected phosphorylation networks within each tissue while suggesting that many proteins are regulated by phosphorylation independently of their expression. Our data suggest that the "typical" phosphoprotein is widely expressed yet displays variable, often tissue-specific phosphorylation that tunes protein activity to the specific needs of each tissue. We offer this dataset as an online resource for the biological research community.