Peptide name : Vigno 5

Source/Organism : Viola ignobilis

Linear/Cyclic : Cyclic

Chirality : Not found

Peptide length: 29

C-terminal modification: Cyclic

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : MTT assay, AO/EB and DAPI staining assay

Assay time : 24h

Activity : IC50 : 2.5 – 10 μM

Cell line : L929

Cancer type : Cervical cancer

Other activity : Not found

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 2884.3381 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.569

Instability index : 30.3621

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 0.3172

Isoelectric point : 5.9623

Charge (pH 7) : -0.2965

Aromaticity : 0.034

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (5500, 5875)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 2.625

hydrophobic moment : 0.1352

Missing amino acid : H,Q,M,I,K,F,D,Y,A

Most occurring amino acid : G

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 6

Least occurring amino acid : E

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.1, 0.4, 0.3)

SMILES Notation: CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)O)C(C)C)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Esmaeili MA, et al. Viola plant cyclotide vigno 5 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cytochrome C release and caspases activation in cervical cancer cells. Fitoterapia. 2016; 109:162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.021

Paper title : Viola plant cyclotide vigno 5 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cytochrome C release and caspases activation in cervical cancer cells.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.021

Abstract : Cyclotides describe a unique cyclic peptide family that displays a broad range of biological activities including uterotonic, anti-bacteria, anti-cancer and anti-HIV. The vigno cyclotides consist of vigno 1-10 were reported recently from Viola ignobilis. In the present study, we examined the effects of vigno 5, a natural cyclopeptide from V. ignobilis, on cervical cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that vigno 5-treated Hela cells were killed off by apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner within 24h, and were characterized by the appearance of nuclear shrinkage, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA fragmentation. The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis revealed that cytochrome C is released from mitochondria to cytosol, associated with the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Overall, the results indicate that vigno 5 induces apoptosis in part via the mitochondrial pathway, which is associated with a release of cytochrome C and elevated activity of caspase-9 and -3 in Hela cells.