Peptide name : Viscotoxin 1-PS

Source/Organism : European mistletoe

Linear/Cyclic : Not found

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 46

C-terminal modification: Not found

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information: None

Assay type : Not specified

Assay time : Not found

Activity : Not found

Cell line : Not found

Cancer type : Breast cancer

Other activity : Anti-microbial activity

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 4903.5605 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.445

Instability index : 46.5174

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.447

Isoelectric point : 9.1252

Charge (pH 7) : 4.6996

Aromaticity : 0.065

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (2980, 3355)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.91666666

hydrophobic moment : 0.3682

Missing amino acid : W,H,Q,M,L

Most occurring amino acid : S

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 6

Least occurring amino acid : F

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (0.1, 0.3, 0.2)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)CC

1 : Wang G, et al. APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009; 37:D933-7. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn823

2 : Orrù S, et al. Amino acid sequence, S-S bridge arrangement and distribution in plant tissues of thionins from Viscum album. Biol Chem. 1997; 378:989-96. doi: 10.1515/bchm.1997.378.9.989

Paper title : APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn823

Abstract : The antimicrobial peptide database (APD, http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php) has been updated and expanded. It now hosts 1228 entries with 65 anticancer, 76 antiviral (53 anti-HIV), 327 antifungal and 944 antibacterial peptides. The second version of our database (APD2) allows users to search peptide families (e.g. bacteriocins, cyclotides, or defensins), peptide sources (e.g. fish, frogs or chicken), post-translationally modified peptides (e.g. amidation, oxidation, lipidation, glycosylation or d-amino acids), and peptide binding targets (e.g. membranes, proteins, DNA/RNA, LPS or sugars). Statistical analyses reveal that the frequently used amino acid residues (>10%) are Ala and Gly in bacterial peptides, Cys and Gly in plant peptides, Ala, Gly and Lys in insect peptides, and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides. Using frequently occurring residues, we demonstrate database-aided peptide design in different ways. Among the three peptides designed, GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37.

Paper title : Amino acid sequence, S-S bridge arrangement and distribution in plant tissues of thionins from Viscum album.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1515/bchm.1997.378.9.989

Abstract : The complete primary structure of a cytotoxic 5 kDa polypeptide, viscotoxin A1, isolated from Viscum album L., has been determined by combining classical Edman degradation methodology with advanced mass spectrometric procedures. The same integrated approach allowed correction of the sequence of viscotoxin A2 and definition of the pattern of the disulfide bridges. The arrangement of the cysteine pairing was determined as Cys3-Cys40, Cys4-Cys32 and Cys16-Cys26. The primary structure of viscotoxin A1 shares a high degree of similarity with the known viscotoxins and more generally with the plant alpha- and beta-thionins. The pattern of S-S bridges determined for viscotoxin A2 and A1 is similar to that inferred by X-ray and NMR analysis in crambin and related to that present in alpha-purothionin and beta-hordothionin, thus indicating a highly conserved organization of the S-S pairings within the entire family. This arrangement of S-S bridges describes a peculiar structural motif, indicated as 'concentric motif', which is suggested to stabilize a common structure occurring in various small proteins able to interact with cell membranes. The distribution of the new variant toxin in different mistletoe subspecies was investigated. Viscotoxin A1 is abundant in the seeds of the three European subspecies of V. album whereas it represents a minor component in the shoots.