Peptide name : PS14

Source/Organism : Aphanomyces invadans

Linear/Cyclic : Linear

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 14

C-terminal modification: Linear

N-terminal modification : Free

Non-natural peptide information:

Assay type : LDH leakage assay

Assay time : 24-h

Activity : 45.56 ± 2% LDH release at 20 µM

Cell line : Hep-2

Cancer type : Larynx Cancer

Other activity : Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 1481.6481 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 0.414

Instability index : 39.2214

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : -0.421

Isoelectric point : 4.532

Charge (pH 7) : -1.0567

Aromaticity : 0

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (2, 1)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 0.75

hydrophobic moment : -0.020

Missing amino acid : A,D,F,H,I,L,M,N,R,W,Y

Most occurring amino acid : T

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 3

Least occurring amino acid : P

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (21., 21., 35.)

SMILES Notation: CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Slimestad R, et al. Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Molecules. 2022; 27:(unknown pages). doi: 10.3390/molecules27217335

Paper title : Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217335

Abstract : There is an increased interest in identifying beneficial compounds of plant origin that can be added to animal diets to improve animal performance and have a health-promoting effect. In the present study, nine herb species of the Norwegian wild flora or which can be cultivated in Norway were selected for phytogenic evaluation (hops, maral root, mint, oregano, purslane, rosemary, roseroot, sweet wormwood, yarrow). Dried herbs were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH) and finally water (H₂O) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The UAE protocol was found to be more rational than conventional Soxhlet with respect to DCM extraction. Total extraction yield was found to be highest for oregano (Origanum vulgare) with 34.4 g 100-1 g dry matter (DM). H₂O-extracts gave the highest yields of the three solvents, with up to 25 g 100-1 g DM for purslane (Portulaca oleracea ssp. sativa) and mint (Mentha piperita). EtOH- and H₂O-extracts were the most efficient extracts with respect to free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS (=2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and oregano, mint, hops (Humulus lupulus) and maral root-leaves (Leuzea carthamoides) were found to be the most efficient antioxidant sources. Hops (EtOH-extract) contained α- and β-acids, xanthohumols, chlorogenic acid and the hitherto unreported 3-O-glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Maral root-leaves contained among other compounds hexosides of the 6-hydroxy- and 6-methoxy-kaempferol and -quercetin, whereas roseroot (Rosea rhodiola) revealed contents of rosavin, rhodiosin and rhodionin. Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) contained chlorogenic acid and several derivatives thereof, scopoletin and poly-methylated flavones (eupatin, casticin, chrysoplenetin). Antimicrobial potential of different plant extracts was demonstrated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the indicator organisms Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, and the Atlantic salmon bacterial pathogens Moritella viscosa, Tenacibaculum finnmarkense and Aliivibrio wodanis. DCM extracts possessed the highest activities. Data demonstrate the potential ability of herb extracts as natural antimicrobials. However, future safety studies should be performed to elucidate any compromising effect on fish health.