Peptide name : Protonectin

Source/Organism : Parachartergus fraternus

Linear/Cyclic : Linear

Chirality : L

Peptide length: 12

C-terminal modification: Linear

N-terminal modification : Amidation

Non-natural peptide information:

Assay type : Resazurin dye assay

Assay time : 24-h

Activity : CC50 = 14.8 ± 0.9 µM

Cell line : MM96L

Cancer type : Skin Cancer

Other activity : Antimicrobial

Amino acid composition bar chart :

Molecular mass : 1210.5486 Dalton

Aliphatic index : 2.275

Instability index : 20.0417

Hydrophobicity (GRAVY) : 1.85

Isoelectric point : 8.7501

Charge (pH 7) : 0.7591

Aromaticity : 0

Molar extinction coefficient (cysteine, cystine): (0, 0)

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio : 5

hydrophobic moment : 1.3529

Missing amino acid : A,C,D,E,F,H,M,N,P,Q,R,S,V,W,Y

Most occurring amino acid : L

Most occurring amino acid frequency : 5

Least occurring amino acid : T

Least occurring amino acid frequency : 1

Secondary structure fraction (Helix, Turn, Sheet): (50, 25, 66.)

SMILES Notation: CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C)CC)[C@@H](C)O

1 : Muller JAI, et al. Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Synthetic Peptides Derived from the Wasp Parachartergus fraternus. Chembiochem. 2021; 22:1415-1423. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000716

Paper title : Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Synthetic Peptides Derived from the Wasp Parachartergus fraternus.

Doi : https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000716

Abstract : Agelaia-MPI and protonectin are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the wasp Parachartergus fraternus that show antimicrobial and neuroactive activities. Previously, two analogues of these peptides, neuroVAL and protonectin-F, were designed to reduce nonspecific toxicity and improve potency. Here, the three-dimensional structures of neuroVAL, protonectin and protonectin-F were determined by using circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities were tested for the parent peptides and analogues. All peptides showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with agelaia-MPI being the most active. Protonectin and protonectin-F were found to be toxic to cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. Internalization experiments revealed that these peptides accumulate inside both cell types. By contrast, neuroVAL was nontoxic to all tested cells and was able to enter cells without accumulating. In summary, neuroVAL has potential as a nontoxic cell-penetrating peptide, while protonectin-F needs further modification to realize its potential as an antitumor peptide.